Is there any possible theoretical explanation for the fact that a Pokemon’s evolutionary line can’t exceed three stages? (Apart from Mega Evolution, which is temporary.) I love your blog, thanks for writing!

Hmm.  My suspicion is that more than three stages would not be advantageous from a natural selection perspective.  Unevolved Pokémon are, in general, vastly more common than evolved ones (even ones like Butterfree that evolve very quickly), which suggests that the majority of them don’t ever make it to their final forms in the wild.  To pull some numbers out of the air, maybe only 5-10% of all Bulbasaur ever become Ivysaur, and only 5-10% of those ever make it all the way to Venusaur – between 0.25% and 1% of the total population.  In order to evolve a hypothetical fourth evolution (…damnit, I hate it when I have to talk about Darwinian evolution and Pokémon evolution in the same sentence), there would need to be a significant selective advantage conferred on (for example) Bulbasaur who possessed the genes for that fourth stage versus Bulbasaur who didn’t – but if any individual Bulbasaur with the appropriate mutations has less than a 0.1% chance of ever using them anyway, then for most of them it won’t make any difference at all.  Essentially, the sheer odds against a wild Pokémon ever reaching its fourth stage make it pointless even to have a fourth one.

You must have heard the news about Mega Rayquaza being so overpowered that Smogon banned him from Ubers and created the Anything Goes tier. Any thoughts on this? Do you think that power creep is becoming harmful?

I have heard no such news, because I live under a rock with a stack of books.

But really, good lord.  You’re telling me they finally managed to make something that broke the Uber tier?  The metagame that was perfectly content with pre-Drizzle-nerf Kyogre?  That Uber tier?

I think power creep is a legitimate concern.  The problem is that, given the way Pokémon works as a franchise, Pokémon get more stuff every generation, and very rarely have anything taken away from them (even the loss of moves taught using TMs or move tutors is often temporary).  It’s very rare for a Pokémon to actually become objectively inferior to a previous version of itself – which means that Pokémon who don’t get much attention or whose design doesn’t justify cool new powers easily will just get steadily weaker and weaker relative to everything else that’s going on around them, and often those are Pokémon who were pretty terrible to begin with.  Farfetch’d scores more critical hits now!  And also Mega Pinsir exists so f$#% you, Farfetch’d.  Now, Pokémon has never really cared about game balance anyway, so to that extent you can sort of just say “eh; screw it,” and more to the point it’s probably impossible to balance something as old, vast and heterogeneous as Pokémon without ripping the whole thing apart and basically building a new game from scratch (I mean, if you want an example of how hard it is to create balance that satisfies everybody, take a peek at the Starcraft II forums some time; they have people whose full-time job is making balance tweaks, and there are only like 50 different units in the whole game, but two-thirds of the forums is just people screaming about how obviously and horrifically broken they think the game is – and these people are the fans, or at least I think they are).  On the other hand, it sucks when your favourite Pokémon is one that’s just objectively not very good.  Vileplume is my favourite Pokémon and the truth is that Vileplume is terrible compared to a lot of other Grass-type supporters like Venusaur and Ferrothorn.  And yes, you can say “well, no, you have to look at Vileplume in its proper context, which is the NU tier,” but the unavoidable fact is that the existence of tiers is the result of the fanbase bending over backwards to do something that most other franchises would regard as the developers’ job, and the tremendous volume of hatred that gets inflicted on the poor Starcraft II balance team is instead pointed at bloody Smogon.

Basically what I’m getting at is that whether power creep is harmful sort of ties into the question of whether you think game balance in Pokémon is desirable or even possible, and we are not even close to answering that one…

If you could have dinner with 5 other people, (they could be anyone, living, historical or even ficticious) who would you invite and what would you serve?

Ehhhhhrg, this is hard, because part of me kinda just wants to invite, like, five random Mycenaeans from different levels of society and ask them all kinds of cheating questions about their civilisation.  And serve them modern Greek cuisine just for the hell of it, ‘cause I can make a damn good baklava.  On the other hand I could do the whole ‘selection of your favourite famous historical figures thing’ and go for… hmm… well, Pliny the Elder has to be in there because he is just so many kinds of ridiculous… I kinda want Galileo Galilei because there just aren’t many bigger names in science than him… Cleopatra VII, partly because of her historical importance but also because she’s supposed to have been a scintillating conversationalist, which I feel would be important for a thing like this, and tremendously knowledgeable… Hone Heke Pokai, whom you’ve probably never heard of if you’re not from New Zealand but you should totally look him up because he was a crazy badass… and… hmm… we’ve got a scholar, a scientist, a queen and a warrior… I feel like we need an artist or poet, so what the hell, let’s throw in Sappho, the poetess of Lesbos.  She’d be fun.  And she’d totally flirt with Cleopatra which would be hilarious.  I’ll make them little meat pastries, because I can do a whole lot of different fillings with vegetables and spices and so on; it’s just a nice versatile way of doing really any sort of food you like.  And custard tart for dessert because, again, I make a damn good custard tart.

Anonymous asks:

“I am a fish”, is this due to the fish ancestry of tetrapods with very similar bone structure? The gills became the modern ear…I believe. Fins became limbs with digits, we did lose the lateral line system but we gained access to land.

Ding ding ding ding DING!  We have a winner!

‘Fish’ is, strictly speaking, not a taxonomically meaningful category.  Tetrapods – that is, all amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals – are descended from lobe-finned fishes, an incredibly ancient class of fishes that includes the coelacanth.  This means a) that the coelacanth is actually more closely related to humans than it is to salmon, goldfish, etc, and b) that, in the same way as all birds are dinosaurs, all land-dwelling vertebrates really should be considered fish.  The fact that they’re not is really just due to the scientific community choosing to bow to common sense in this instance.

If that paragraph made sense to you, you should probably be able to appreciate why asking “are Pokémon animals?” is actually a fiendishly intractable question.

What do you think of the decision to make TMs reusable?

I sort of think we were on the way there anyway.  A lot of the best TMs could be bought repeatedly from various shops, game corners and battle areas across different games, and really any TM is reusable if you breed for it (it’s just sort of unfairly discriminatory to genderless Pokémon).  In most cases, you could already get around the fact that TMs were limited-use – it was just boring and time-consuming some of the time.  I’m okay with things not being boring and time-consuming.

Since you are a major fan of Grass Pokemon, and how a lot of Grass types fall into the same pitfalls, what are some things you might do to existing ones if given the opportunity to renovate them to make them more unique and powerful? I’m thinking primarily about a lot of the NU grass types like Bellossom, Cherrim, Victreebel, Carnivine and of course Vileplume

I think this has been sitting in my in-box for quite some time now.  I had a hectic week or three.  Sorry about that.  But now I’m sitting in the Houston airport for like four hours and have time to work through this rather menacing backlog of questions, so whatevs.

I think I had a question *like* this earlier in the year regarding changes to the type as a whole… yeah, here it is.  I think I might add to that a suggestion that maybe Solarbeam, having been charged up once, could fire repeatedly without charging again for as long as the Pokémon in question remained in play; that might make it somewhat more viable, particularly outside of dedicated sun teams.

Anyway, to the specific Pokémon… there are sort of quite a lot of them to give individualised answers to… but I can talk about Vileplume to give you an idea of the kind of direction I might take, because Vileplume is my favourite Pokémon.  Vileplume is actually on the up and up already in generation six.  X and Y, you may have noticed, kindly gifted her with some extra points in special attack, which helps a lot; I think a little more HP as well would not be out of the question, but I’m not going to make a fuss about it.  Alpha Sapphire and Omega Ruby also seem to have given Oddish (though not Gloom) Moonblast on her level-up list, and Moonblast kicks the living cr@p out of every other special coverage attack Vileplume has ever had (i.e. Tri Attack via Nature Power) as well as making good thematic sense, so that’s wonderful.  Anyway, what more can we do?  Giving a boost to Effect Spore, which is her Dream World ability, would help a lot, because as it stands Effect Spore is a terrible ability (a 30% chance to inflict a status condition, which you can’t choose, if you’re hit by a contact attack = at best a 10% chance of being useful), and her only other ability (Chlorophyll) is a really great ability for a sweeper, which Vileplume emphatically is not.  Let’s maybe say instead that Effect Spore could give perfect accuracy to ‘powder’ moves (Sleep Powder, Stun Spore, Poisonpowder, Spore, Rage Powder, Cotton Spore and Powder) and lets them bypass Protect and Substitute.  If we really wanted to mix things up we could throw in a signature move – maybe ‘Allergen’ or something – that causes paralysis and confusion.  That would be nasty.

Rivals, part 1: Silver

Silver as depicted in the remakes, Heart Gold and Soul Silver.

Right, well, I was going to do a thing on Mega Evolution, but the thought occurs that trying to write that at a point in time when everyone in the world except for me has played Alpha Sapphire and Omega Ruby would probably lead to silly places.  That being the case, then, the plan is to do the rivals now – I’m not going to write about Blue, because he’s already covered in my old Champions series, and I don’t think there’s all that much to be gained by going over him again; I’m also going to delay May/Brendan and Wally to the end, since it wouldn’t make a whole lot of sense to talk about them before playing Alpha Sapphire.  That means that the second-generation rival, Silver, is first up, and then we’ll skip to Barry and Dawn/Lucas in the fourth generation.  For the next couple of months, Jim the Editor and I will be discussing the lot of them in a series of increasingly pointless conversations, which we will inflict upon you here.  Welcome to the blog, Jim.

Hey.

So, where do we start this?

I don’t think we need to go through everything that happens in the games; your readers all know that stuff.  You answered a question a little while ago saying that Silver is your favourite rival.  I think you should start by backing up that statement.

Hmm.  All right.  What I like about Silver – and I think I might have talked about this before – is his character development.  First of all, he has character development, which, let us note, was kind of a step forward for the series at that point!  Second, though… Silver is a dick.  He’s abrasive, obnoxious, sullen, and unpleasant.  Through being with his Pokémon and fighting with them, he learns to open up to them and love them, care for them, like Lance tells him he has to (and just as an aside here, I like the way his Golbat doesn’t evolve until the very end, despite being a very high level – since the original Gold and Silver were the games that introduced evolution based on friendship, I think it’s likely that this was intentional and meaningful).  And having successfully done that, at the end of it all… he’s still a dick.  He’s still abrasive, obnoxious, sullen and unpleasant.  He’s noticeably a better person by the end of the game, but he’s still the same person – I think the overall effect is much more realistic than if he had just turned into a nice person through the magic of friendship or whatever.  Improving himself doesn’t mean that he has to abandon who he is or even what he values, and I think that actually makes the overall character arc not just more real but also more inspiring, in a way.

Yeah, you would.  I don’t think they handled him well at all.

…of course you don’t; that would be too easy.  What problems do you see?

Well, my main problem is that Silver has nothing to do with the story of those games; he just runs alongside it and gets in the way.  In the first generation games, Team Rocket was more incidental to the whole ‘story,’ which, let’s face it, was not about collecting all the Pokémon either but about collecting badges and building up to challenging the Elite Four, and then Blue is the Champion.  He does everything that you do, and even though he never beats you he’s always one step ahead in the gym quest (and usually the Pokédex quest too).  Silver kinda tries to do the same thing as Blue and has the same ambition to be the world’s greatest Pokémon trainer, but he never even comes close.  Blue does get to the very top – becomes “the most powerful trainer in the world” – even if it’s only briefly.  The game gives him recognition as a powerful and worthy rival, which Silver never gets.  Silver tags along after you and loses whenever he fights you; he turns up during the Team Rocket quests but never does anything useful – Blue doesn’t either, but Blue doesn’t care, and neither did the games.  Presumably Silver challenges gyms too but it doesn’t seem like he ever achieves… well, anything.

I don’t think Silver does challenge the Gyms and collect badges though, does he?  I’m not sure that this kind of official recognition is important to him; it kind of seems to go against his whole ‘personal strength’ and ‘despising the weak’ deal.

He visits the Olivine Gym while Jasmine is at the lighthouse, remember?  He wanted to challenge her, but she’s away, so he complains about her being soft.

Oh yeah.  Hmm.  Well, I suppose challenging gyms is a natural way for him to pursue strength and push his limits, even if he doesn’t respect the leaders for their authority.

There’s an easy way to check; is his name on the statues inside the gyms, like Blue’s is in the first generation games?

Hmm.  Good point.  Hang on; let me find my Soul Silver.

…

It does not; only the player is recorded as a successful challenger.  Silver’s name does not appear.

Well, either way.  He’s not important in the gym quest, and I know you like the contrast between him and Team Rocket and the way the game has two ‘bad guys’ that aren’t automatically on the same team, but he’s not really important in that part of the story either.  And I think at the end of the game he is a broken character.

Broken how?

 'Original flavour' Silver, as depicted in Gold and Silver.  I feel like the newer art gives him a more mature, sophisticated look - appropriately for someone who grew up as the heir of an organised crime syndicate - but maybe that's the difference in the art style.

Look at his dialogue when you beat him in rematches at the Indigo Plateau.  “…Oh, no… I still can’t win after all that training… I…I have to believe more in my Pokémon…” All that ‘character development’ and he’s still never going to beat you!  I think that just goes to show that caring about your Pokémon doesn’t really matter at all; Silver starts to and it doesn’t get him any closer to winning.  The moral of his arc is broken; he does everything he’s supposed to and nothing changes – and he seems like he knows it too; look at how hesitant he sounds compared to all his condescension, confidence and bravado earlier in the game.

Well, I think there he’s sort of a victim of how winning and losing works in single-player Pokémon – not only is its general power curve easy enough that you’re never terribly likely to lose a battle if you know what you’re doing, the games don’t really know how to handle it if you ever do; you just keep going as though nothing had ever happened.  Pokémon’s never really figured out how to make recurring rival-type characters seem competent; just look at… well, just about any of the other characters we’re going to be doing in this series.  I think Silver’s relative power level at the end of the game might also be something that wasn’t quite thought through all the way; on the original Gold and Silver, when the Elite Four didn’t get power-ups after being beaten the first time, Silver’s six Pokémon all finished in their high 40s, which is high enough for him to give Lance a run for his money.  The only characters in the game who were stronger than Lance as Champion, to my memory, were Blue and Red, which actually makes Silver in his final state the fourth most powerful trainer in those games (not counting the player) and very close on the heels of the third.  In terms of objective power, the remakes levelled Silver up just like everyone else, but I don’t think they considered how much weaker he is relative to the rest of the world now; he’s on a par with most of the Kanto Gym Leaders, but he’d have a hard time with the upgraded version of Will, let alone Lance.  And in terms of what he actually does in the game, well, most of Team Rocket are a joke to us, but other characters in the world take them very seriously, so we probably should too – and Silver, as far as we can tell, trounces them every bit as thoroughly as the player does!

I guess all that’s fair.  Still, that doesn’t change the fact that he doesn’t really have the ending he should have; his story doesn’t finish properly.  I would have liked it if, say, he had become a Gym Leader.  He misses out on getting some scene of final closure or at least recognition for how far he’s come.

Well, in fairness, I think the stuff they added in Heart Gold and Soul Silver did a lot to fix that – like when, if you go back to Professor Elm’s lab at the end of the game, one of his assistants tells you how Silver came back to return his starter, but Elm decided to let him keep it, because they had obviously come to care for each other.  Going right back to the beginning to make up for his past actions, and being forgiven for them by the person he wronged, gives the whole thing a very pleasing symmetry, I think.

 Some very early concept art of Silver, along with what appears to be a somewhat feistier primordial version of Ledyba.

Yeah, that bit is definitely good, and it makes a nice tie-in to the franchise’s themes about how being with Pokémon is supposed to make you a better person and all that, but would it have been so hard to actually show us that scene rather than just telling us later that it happened?  It could have made a really good character moment!

Mmm… point taken.  How about the double battle with Lance and Clair in the Dragon’s Den?

That does help a lot, actually.  In practice the player will almost certainly carry Silver through that battle, but on the other hand, he does get to beat Lance, and he gets some recognition for his potential.  I still think it leaves him only part of the way through his development, but it’s definitely an improvement over the original games.

What I like about that scene is that it puts his whole character in perspective.  It stresses the stuff I mentioned right at the beginning – how he’s still the same, somewhat unpleasant person, but noticeably calmer and more cooperative – as well as reminding us that Lance doesn’t see him as a bad person or even as an enemy, just a kid who wound up on the wrong path for a while, which is important for Lance’s characterisation as well.  There is one more nice end-game bit the remakes add to Silver; the scene that comes with the Celebi event, where we see Silver talking to Giovanni.

Right; I think we should talk about that.  Do you like it?

Yeah, I do, actually.  I think it provides a good explanation for everything we’ve seen of Silver’s character up to that point.  When Giovanni loses to Red and disbands Team Rocket, what young Silver sees is that his father’s reliance on the power of his organisation counted for nothing in the end because his own personal strength failed him, and that this is what comes of relying on others.  They’ve really gone back and thought about the way the original games presented the character and his motivations and values, and the result is a backstory that ties it all together very neatly.  What do you think?

It’s good, and I like it; it just doesn’t do enough to grab me.  There’s no follow-up to it because Silver isn’t the point of the event – the fight with Giovanni is – and although getting the origins of the character is nice it doesn’t do anything to fix his lack of a satisfying ending.  And it shouldn’t have been put in that Celebi event, where a lot of players outside Japan and the US never got the chance to see it; it’s just dumb to hide something so important to his characterisation like that.

Mmm.  Agreed, I suppose.  Well, I think that’s everything we planned to cover for today… as long as we’re here, do you think we should talk about the other ‘rival’ from Heart Gold and Soul Silver?

Huh?  What other rival?

You know, the annoying kid from New Bark Town with the Marill who just kind of wanders around uselessly and never actually fights you.

Oh.  Yes.  That one.

Um…do you… want to?

…not really, no.

Good.

What do you think makes Pokémon separate from other classes of animals? Like, what certain traits does an animal have to have to be classified as one? It seems like “able to use certain fighting techniques and can be stored in a Poké ball” are the only ones, but a class should have more specific traits than that…

Eh.  How you think about this kinda depends on how widespread and diverse you believe non-Pokémon animals are in the Pokémon world, which is awkward because early generations and anime episodes often implied that there were quite a lot of them and then later on they were sort of quietly swept under the carpet and it’s hard to tell whether they were retconned out of existence or we just don’t care about them, and personally I kinda tend to lean towards the former, but… meh?

In any case, I don’t think the groups in which Pokémon are defined are terribly scientific – like, I actually think “able to use certain fighting techniques” is probably pretty damn close to how they actually think about it in-universe.  Type, I’ve pretty well convinced myself now, has absolutely nothing to do with shared ancestry and in many cases (Flying, Ground, Normal, some others) not a whole lot to do with biology either, but is more of a descriptive framework for how a Pokémon functions in battle.  Bear in mind that people have supposedly been training Pokémon for hundreds if not thousands of years.  Pokémon training probably far predates any sort of scientifically rigorous approach to evolutionary biology, so the relevant terms and classifications are most likely to have utilitarian rather than analytical relevance – i.e., when you ask “is it a Pokémon?” early trainers would understand you to mean “can you battle with it?”