Is there any possible theoretical explanation for the fact that a Pokemon’s evolutionary line can’t exceed three stages? (Apart from Mega Evolution, which is temporary.) I love your blog, thanks for writing!

Hmm.  My suspicion is that more than three stages would not be advantageous from a natural selection perspective.  Unevolved Pokémon are, in general, vastly more common than evolved ones (even ones like Butterfree that evolve very quickly), which suggests that the majority of them don’t ever make it to their final forms in the wild.  To pull some numbers out of the air, maybe only 5-10% of all Bulbasaur ever become Ivysaur, and only 5-10% of those ever make it all the way to Venusaur – between 0.25% and 1% of the total population.  In order to evolve a hypothetical fourth evolution (…damnit, I hate it when I have to talk about Darwinian evolution and Pokémon evolution in the same sentence), there would need to be a significant selective advantage conferred on (for example) Bulbasaur who possessed the genes for that fourth stage versus Bulbasaur who didn’t – but if any individual Bulbasaur with the appropriate mutations has less than a 0.1% chance of ever using them anyway, then for most of them it won’t make any difference at all.  Essentially, the sheer odds against a wild Pokémon ever reaching its fourth stage make it pointless even to have a fourth one.

You must have heard the news about Mega Rayquaza being so overpowered that Smogon banned him from Ubers and created the Anything Goes tier. Any thoughts on this? Do you think that power creep is becoming harmful?

I have heard no such news, because I live under a rock with a stack of books.

But really, good lord.  You’re telling me they finally managed to make something that broke the Uber tier?  The metagame that was perfectly content with pre-Drizzle-nerf Kyogre?  That Uber tier?

I think power creep is a legitimate concern.  The problem is that, given the way Pokémon works as a franchise, Pokémon get more stuff every generation, and very rarely have anything taken away from them (even the loss of moves taught using TMs or move tutors is often temporary).  It’s very rare for a Pokémon to actually become objectively inferior to a previous version of itself – which means that Pokémon who don’t get much attention or whose design doesn’t justify cool new powers easily will just get steadily weaker and weaker relative to everything else that’s going on around them, and often those are Pokémon who were pretty terrible to begin with.  Farfetch’d scores more critical hits now!  And also Mega Pinsir exists so f$#% you, Farfetch’d.  Now, Pokémon has never really cared about game balance anyway, so to that extent you can sort of just say “eh; screw it,” and more to the point it’s probably impossible to balance something as old, vast and heterogeneous as Pokémon without ripping the whole thing apart and basically building a new game from scratch (I mean, if you want an example of how hard it is to create balance that satisfies everybody, take a peek at the Starcraft II forums some time; they have people whose full-time job is making balance tweaks, and there are only like 50 different units in the whole game, but two-thirds of the forums is just people screaming about how obviously and horrifically broken they think the game is – and these people are the fans, or at least I think they are).  On the other hand, it sucks when your favourite Pokémon is one that’s just objectively not very good.  Vileplume is my favourite Pokémon and the truth is that Vileplume is terrible compared to a lot of other Grass-type supporters like Venusaur and Ferrothorn.  And yes, you can say “well, no, you have to look at Vileplume in its proper context, which is the NU tier,” but the unavoidable fact is that the existence of tiers is the result of the fanbase bending over backwards to do something that most other franchises would regard as the developers’ job, and the tremendous volume of hatred that gets inflicted on the poor Starcraft II balance team is instead pointed at bloody Smogon.

Basically what I’m getting at is that whether power creep is harmful sort of ties into the question of whether you think game balance in Pokémon is desirable or even possible, and we are not even close to answering that one…

If you could have dinner with 5 other people, (they could be anyone, living, historical or even ficticious) who would you invite and what would you serve?

Ehhhhhrg, this is hard, because part of me kinda just wants to invite, like, five random Mycenaeans from different levels of society and ask them all kinds of cheating questions about their civilisation.  And serve them modern Greek cuisine just for the hell of it, ‘cause I can make a damn good baklava.  On the other hand I could do the whole ‘selection of your favourite famous historical figures thing’ and go for… hmm… well, Pliny the Elder has to be in there because he is just so many kinds of ridiculous… I kinda want Galileo Galilei because there just aren’t many bigger names in science than him… Cleopatra VII, partly because of her historical importance but also because she’s supposed to have been a scintillating conversationalist, which I feel would be important for a thing like this, and tremendously knowledgeable… Hone Heke Pokai, whom you’ve probably never heard of if you’re not from New Zealand but you should totally look him up because he was a crazy badass… and… hmm… we’ve got a scholar, a scientist, a queen and a warrior… I feel like we need an artist or poet, so what the hell, let’s throw in Sappho, the poetess of Lesbos.  She’d be fun.  And she’d totally flirt with Cleopatra which would be hilarious.  I’ll make them little meat pastries, because I can do a whole lot of different fillings with vegetables and spices and so on; it’s just a nice versatile way of doing really any sort of food you like.  And custard tart for dessert because, again, I make a damn good custard tart.

Anonymous asks:

“I am a fish”, is this due to the fish ancestry of tetrapods with very similar bone structure? The gills became the modern ear…I believe. Fins became limbs with digits, we did lose the lateral line system but we gained access to land.

Ding ding ding ding DING!  We have a winner!

‘Fish’ is, strictly speaking, not a taxonomically meaningful category.  Tetrapods – that is, all amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals – are descended from lobe-finned fishes, an incredibly ancient class of fishes that includes the coelacanth.  This means a) that the coelacanth is actually more closely related to humans than it is to salmon, goldfish, etc, and b) that, in the same way as all birds are dinosaurs, all land-dwelling vertebrates really should be considered fish.  The fact that they’re not is really just due to the scientific community choosing to bow to common sense in this instance.

If that paragraph made sense to you, you should probably be able to appreciate why asking “are Pokémon animals?” is actually a fiendishly intractable question.

What do you think of the decision to make TMs reusable?

I sort of think we were on the way there anyway.  A lot of the best TMs could be bought repeatedly from various shops, game corners and battle areas across different games, and really any TM is reusable if you breed for it (it’s just sort of unfairly discriminatory to genderless Pokémon).  In most cases, you could already get around the fact that TMs were limited-use – it was just boring and time-consuming some of the time.  I’m okay with things not being boring and time-consuming.

Since you are a major fan of Grass Pokemon, and how a lot of Grass types fall into the same pitfalls, what are some things you might do to existing ones if given the opportunity to renovate them to make them more unique and powerful? I’m thinking primarily about a lot of the NU grass types like Bellossom, Cherrim, Victreebel, Carnivine and of course Vileplume

I think this has been sitting in my in-box for quite some time now.  I had a hectic week or three.  Sorry about that.  But now I’m sitting in the Houston airport for like four hours and have time to work through this rather menacing backlog of questions, so whatevs.

I think I had a question *like* this earlier in the year regarding changes to the type as a whole… yeah, here it is.  I think I might add to that a suggestion that maybe Solarbeam, having been charged up once, could fire repeatedly without charging again for as long as the Pokémon in question remained in play; that might make it somewhat more viable, particularly outside of dedicated sun teams.

Anyway, to the specific Pokémon… there are sort of quite a lot of them to give individualised answers to… but I can talk about Vileplume to give you an idea of the kind of direction I might take, because Vileplume is my favourite Pokémon.  Vileplume is actually on the up and up already in generation six.  X and Y, you may have noticed, kindly gifted her with some extra points in special attack, which helps a lot; I think a little more HP as well would not be out of the question, but I’m not going to make a fuss about it.  Alpha Sapphire and Omega Ruby also seem to have given Oddish (though not Gloom) Moonblast on her level-up list, and Moonblast kicks the living cr@p out of every other special coverage attack Vileplume has ever had (i.e. Tri Attack via Nature Power) as well as making good thematic sense, so that’s wonderful.  Anyway, what more can we do?  Giving a boost to Effect Spore, which is her Dream World ability, would help a lot, because as it stands Effect Spore is a terrible ability (a 30% chance to inflict a status condition, which you can’t choose, if you’re hit by a contact attack = at best a 10% chance of being useful), and her only other ability (Chlorophyll) is a really great ability for a sweeper, which Vileplume emphatically is not.  Let’s maybe say instead that Effect Spore could give perfect accuracy to ‘powder’ moves (Sleep Powder, Stun Spore, Poisonpowder, Spore, Rage Powder, Cotton Spore and Powder) and lets them bypass Protect and Substitute.  If we really wanted to mix things up we could throw in a signature move – maybe ‘Allergen’ or something – that causes paralysis and confusion.  That would be nasty.

What do you think makes Pokémon separate from other classes of animals? Like, what certain traits does an animal have to have to be classified as one? It seems like “able to use certain fighting techniques and can be stored in a Poké ball” are the only ones, but a class should have more specific traits than that…

Eh.  How you think about this kinda depends on how widespread and diverse you believe non-Pokémon animals are in the Pokémon world, which is awkward because early generations and anime episodes often implied that there were quite a lot of them and then later on they were sort of quietly swept under the carpet and it’s hard to tell whether they were retconned out of existence or we just don’t care about them, and personally I kinda tend to lean towards the former, but… meh?

In any case, I don’t think the groups in which Pokémon are defined are terribly scientific – like, I actually think “able to use certain fighting techniques” is probably pretty damn close to how they actually think about it in-universe.  Type, I’ve pretty well convinced myself now, has absolutely nothing to do with shared ancestry and in many cases (Flying, Ground, Normal, some others) not a whole lot to do with biology either, but is more of a descriptive framework for how a Pokémon functions in battle.  Bear in mind that people have supposedly been training Pokémon for hundreds if not thousands of years.  Pokémon training probably far predates any sort of scientifically rigorous approach to evolutionary biology, so the relevant terms and classifications are most likely to have utilitarian rather than analytical relevance – i.e., when you ask “is it a Pokémon?” early trainers would understand you to mean “can you battle with it?”

You have answered in the past what your favorite Pokémon of each generation and type is, as well as your least favorites of the same. You now have a new generation and type. Please finish these lists.

Hang on, let me find the old ones; I just want to stick in some links for reference… and also remember what the hell I said the first time…

Least favourite of each generation, favourite of each generation, least favourite of each type, favourite of each type.

All right, let’s see… 

Least favourite of this generation is Dedenne, hands down.  I generally felt that X and Y had better designs than Black and White did, overall; they had fewer that seemed derivative of earlier ones, and some really cool and weird stuff.  Even the ones that I don’t like are generally pretty interesting.  Except Dedenne, who is dumb.

Favourite of this generation is much harder, but Trevenant is definitely up there, and so is Malamar.  One of those two, probably.

Now, do any of the 6th-generation Pokémon manage to usurp spots on the two type lists?

Amaura and Aurorus, from an analytical perspective, are not terribly clever or interesting designs, I think, but I love them anyway for reasons of dinosaurs, and I think I can give them Rampardos’ old spot as my favourite Rock-types.

As I said in the original list, I’m not a huge fan of most Flying-types, but I am really fond of both Hawlucha and Noivern.  Either of them could claim that spot.  Hawlucha might also beat out Mienshao as my favourite Fighting-type.

That’s about it, I think.

And, finally, I guess I need to pick Fairy-types.  Hmm.  Least favourite is probably Dedenne again, followed by Snubbull and Granbull, whom you may recall popping up as my least favourite second-generation Pokémon.  Favourite Fairy Pokémon… mmm… might be Clefable, because I’m fond of the weird moon-worship thing they have going on, and the question of whether they’re aliens or not is kind of interesting.